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SurgSpace

SurgSpace / Specialties / Urology

Urology

Kidneys, ureters, bladder, prostate and the male reproductive tract: stones and the obstructed infected kidney that cannot wait, bladder cancer surveyed and resected through the urethra, and a specialty that reached keyhole surgery before almost anyone else.

3 operations in depth5 interactive cases

Backdrop: Three-dimensional CT reconstruction of the urinary tract showing bilateral staghorn renal calculi against the skeleton · Goleisureintl · CC BY 4.0

Read the scan

Imaging

See the study, interpret it, then answer the surgical question.

The studies that shape surgical decision-making. Not a radiology curriculum: what the scan changes about the plan, then practice reading it.

Practice the image

The kidney under pressure

Colicky loin-to-groin pain, now rigors and a temperature of 38.9. Renal ultrasound. (Fictional educational case.)

Synthetic educational image · schematic renal ultrasound for practice

Recognise the ballooned collecting system, then apply the specialty's one non-negotiable rule: obstruction plus infection equals decompression tonight.

X-ray
Abdominal X-ray showing radio-opaque kidney stones
Abdominal X-ray · radio-opaque renal stones

What each study decides

Investigations

  • Urinalysis & cytology

    • Dipstick and microscopy open most urologic stories: blood, infection, or both, with culture directing therapy.
    • Cytology is a specific but insensitive witness for high-grade urothelial cancer: useful when positive, acquitting nothing when negative.

  • Ultrasound of the urinary tract

    • Hydronephrosis is its headline finding: the dilated collecting system that announces obstruction without radiation.
    • It measures residual volumes, surveys kidneys, and in the scrotum reports perfusion, with torsion's caveat that a likely story goes to theatre without waiting for it.

  • CT of the urinary tract

    • Non-contrast CT is the stone standard: size, site and density in one fast pass, plus the fever-changing finding of an obstructed system.
    • Contrast phases (CT urogram) interrogate haematuria's upper tract and stage the renal mass.
    Want to interpret the full study? Open in RadSpace

  • PSA & flexible cystoscopy

    • PSA in context: age, size, trend and the things that inflate it, ordered with a plan for its answer.
    • Flexible cystoscopy is the bladder's clinic-room examination and the haematuria pathway's centrepiece: local anaesthetic gel, minutes, and a direct look.

Hub shaped by the Surgical Specialties Lead with the Urology reviewer (open seat). Images and videos carry their source; educational use for supervised learning, not clinical guidance.